Which variable is NOT required to be controlled when synchronizing two islander power systems?

When synchronizing two islanded power systems, certain variables must be controlled to ensure a stable and reliable operation. Among these, frequency, load balance, and voltage level are critical parameters that need to be managed.

Frequency must be aligned because it reflects the operational speed of the generators. When two systems with different frequencies are interconnected, it can lead to system instability or even operational failures. Therefore, achieving frequency match is essential during synchronization.

Load balance is equally important, as it ensures that the total generation matches the total load in the combined system. If the generation does not match the load, it can lead to overloading or underloading, ultimately resulting in system disturbances.

Voltage level is required to be controlled as well, as mismatched voltage levels between the two systems can cause significant stress on equipment, leading to possible damage or outages. Proper voltage alignment promotes system stability and ensures that electrical equipment operates effectively.

Power angle, on the other hand, although it plays a role in the dynamics of power flow and stability, does not need to be directly controlled when synchronizing two islanded systems. Rather, the angle is a natural consequence of the interconnected systems adjusting to operating conditions, as long as frequency, load balance, and voltage levels are appropriately managed. Thus