Which of the following aspects are balancing authorities required to monitor according to NERC regulations?

Balancing authorities are responsible for maintaining the reliability of the electrical grid, and one of their primary functions is to monitor the flow of electricity to ensure that the supply meets the demand continuously. This includes closely monitoring both frequency and interchange flows.

Frequency is a critical parameter in the grid because it indicates the balance between electricity supply and demand. If the frequency deviates too much from the nominal value (typically 60 Hz in North America), it can signal an imbalance that could lead to system instability or even blackouts. Interchange flows involve the transfer of power between different balancing authorities and are important for managing power trades and ensuring that resources are appropriately dispatched.

Monitoring these aspects is essential for maintaining the reliability of the electric grid and for compliance with NERC regulations, which are designed to ensure that the interconnected bulk electric systems operate safely and effectively.

In contrast, while generator maintenance schedules are important for ensuring the long-term reliability of the generation fleet, they are not direct operational parameters that balancing authorities monitor on a day-to-day basis. Grid interconnection points are relevant but more focused on the physical connections between systems rather than real-time operational balancing. Transmission line aesthetics, while a consideration for public acceptance and planning, do not impact the operational reliability and monitoring responsibilities of