What is a potential consequence of exceeding an Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit (IROL)?

Exceeding an Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit (IROL) can lead to significant operational issues, one of which is the potential interruption of power supply. An IROL is established to ensure the reliability of the interconnected electrical grid; it represents the threshold at which the system remains secure under contingency conditions such as equipment failure or sudden demand increases. When this limit is exceeded, it can trigger instability in the system, leading operators to implement measures to protect the grid, which may include disconnecting certain loads or generation resources. This protective action is essential to prevent cascading failures that would affect a broader area of the grid, ultimately resulting in power interruptions.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the implications of exceeding an IROL. Improved generator efficiency and enhanced voltage regulation are outcomes that are generally seen when operating within safe limits rather than exceeding them. Increased operational costs may arise as a secondary effect of disruptions or remedial actions taken but are not the immediate consequence of exceeding an IROL.