What could happen if an IROL is allowed to be exceeded for longer than its Tv?

If an Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit (IROL) is exceeded for longer than its specified Time Value (Tv), it can lead to significant reliability issues within the Bulk Electric System (BES). An IROL represents the maximum level of system stress that can be tolerated without compromising system reliability. Exceeding this limit for an extended period endangers the stability of the entire grid, potentially resulting in cascading failures or widespread outages.

When the IROL is breached and maintained beyond its allowable time frame, it can destabilize the system, leading to the interruption of power across large areas. This can happen as system operators may be forced to shed load to prevent more severe consequences, such as system collapse. Therefore, maintaining IROLs within their limits is critical to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the electric grid, as exceeding them jeopardizes not only the involved sections but also the interconnected systems that rely on them. The potential for extensive power interruptions emphasizes the importance of strict adherence to IROL guidelines for maintaining the overall integrity and reliability of the BES.