Overlapping regulation service allows a BA to incorporate what into its AGC/ACE equation?

The answer hinges on the concept of overlapping regulation service, which refers to how Balancing Authorities (BAs) can coordinate and account for collective resources when responding to system frequency changes. Incorporating all other BA tie-lines frequency response into the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) and Area Control Error (ACE) equation allows a BA to more accurately balance generation and load.

By considering the frequency responses from neighboring BAs, a BA can adjust its generation to compensate for fluctuations that extend beyond its own facilities and loads, enhancing overall grid stability. This collaborative approach is vital in maintaining reliable service across interconnected systems, as it leads to a more efficient and reliable grid management process. The ability to use all other BA tie-lines frequency response acknowledges the interdependence of BAs, where the actions of one can directly affect the performance of others.

This understanding emphasizes the importance of coordinated frequency response to help improve the reliability of the electric grid, making it essential for BAs to factor in these external influences in their AGC/ACE equations.