During initial restoration conditions, what issue is more likely to occur?

In the context of initial restoration conditions following an outage or disturbance in the electrical grid, excessive MVAR (Mega Volt Ampere Reactive) supply from the energization of lines can be a significant issue. When transmission lines are re-energized, they can draw a considerable amount of reactive power, especially if the system is not optimally balanced. This can lead to voltage stability problems, where the voltage levels in the system can fluctuate unpredictably.

The re-energization phase typically occurs when several lines or generators are brought back online simultaneously. If too much reactive power is injected into the system without sufficient local loads to consume it, it can lead to voltage issues and potentially cause further instability in the grid.

This behavior is crucial to recognize and manage carefully during the restoration process to maintain voltage levels within acceptable limits and prevent cascading failures or additional outages. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of MVAR supply and its effects during restoration helps system operators make better decisions to ensure a stable and resilient electrical grid.