A BA changes NIs by +40MW for time error correction. What would their Fs value be if their bias setting is -200MW/0.1Hz?

To determine the Fs value based on the provided information, we first need to understand how the bias setting and the change in Net Interchange (NIs) relate to the frequency calculations.

The bias setting indicates the response of the Balancing Authority (BA) to frequency deviations due to power imbalance. In this case, a bias setting of -200 MW/0.1 Hz means that for every 0.1 Hz deviation from the nominal frequency of 60 Hz, the BA will expect a deviation of 200 MW in the interchange. This setting influences how much the BA will adjust their generation or load to maintain the desired frequency.

When the BA makes a change in NIs of +40 MW for a time error correction, we can calculate how much this affects the frequency based on the bias setting. Since the bias is negative, we interpret this as the BA will reduce the frequency when the interchange increases. The relationship can be formulated as follows:

1. Calculate the effective MW change concerning the bias setting:

• A change of +40 MW and a bias of -200 MW/0.1 Hz indicates that this increase will lead to a frequency response:

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\Delta f = \frac{MW\ change}{Bias\